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Space-based threats, or cosmic hazards, are natural or artificial dangers that originate from outer space and could potentially affect Earth. These threats range from natural phenomena like asteroids and solar flares to human-made dangers like space debris and the militarization of space. Below are some of the most significant space-based threats:

The risks associated with space-based threats such as solar flares, gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, rogue planets, black holes, space debris, militarization of space, and climate change impacting space systems are varied and present potential challenges for Earth and its inhabitants. While some of these risks have the potential for significant consequences, the likelihood of certain events occurring is relatively low. Efforts in monitoring, mitigation, and international cooperation are essential to address these threats and ensure the safety and sustainability of space activities in the future.

Space-based threats are varied, ranging from predictable natural phenomena like solar flares to speculative dangers like rogue planets or extraterrestrial contact. While many of these threats are actively monitored, humanity's ability to prevent or mitigate them is still developing. Agencies such as NASA, ESA, and private entities are continually working to improve monitoring, defense, and adaptation strategies to handle these cosmic hazards.